Balsamo, A. (1996) Technologies of the Gendered Body: Reading Cyborg Women, London: Duke University Press.
Baudrillard, J (1988) The Ecstasy of Communication, Semiotext[e] (Trans. Bernard Schutz & Caroline Schutze).
Baudrillard, J. (1983) Simulations, Semiotext[e] (Trans: P. Foss, P. Patton, P. Beitchman).
Bordwell, D. (1985) Narration in the Fiction Film, London: Methuen (Ch.7).
Davies, E. (1998) Techgnosis: Myth, Magic and Mysticism in the Age of Information, New York: Harmony Books.
De Lauretis, T. (1984) Alice Doesn’t: Feminism, Semiotics, Cinema, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Friedberg, A. (1994) Window Shopping: Cinema and the Postmodern, London: University of California Press.
Hakken, D. (199x) Cyborgs@Cyberspace: an Ethnographer Looks into the Future
Haraway, D. (1991) Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, London: Free Association Books.
Herz, J.C. (1997) Joystick Nation, London: Abacus Publications.
Jordan, T. (1999) Cyberpower: The Culture and Politics of Cyberspace and the Internet, London: Routledge.
Laurel, B. (1991) Computers as Theatre, <Addison-Wesley, Reading,Massachusetts.>
Levy, S. (1984) Hackers: Heroes of the Revolution, London: Penguin.
Maynard, J. (1993) Spectatorship and Cinema, London: Routledge.
Metz (1976) Cinema and Psychoanalysis: the Imaginary Signifier, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Mulvey, L. (1975) Visual and Other Pleasures, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Murray, J.H. (1997) Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace, London: MIT Press.
Provenso, Jr., E.F. (1991) Video Kids: Making Sense of Nintendo, London: Harvard University Press.
Rose, J. (1986) Fantasy: Literature of Subversion, London: Verso.
Stallabrass, J. (1996) Gargantua: Manufactured Mass Culture, London: Verso.
Vince, J. (1995) Virtual Reality Systems, Wokingham: Addison Wesley.
Ang, I. and Hermes, J. (1991) ‘Gender and/in Media Consumption’ in Curran, J. and Gurevitch, M. (eds) Mass Media and Society, London: Edward Arnold.
Baudry, J. (1999) ‘Ideological Effects of the Cinematographic Apparatus’ in Braudy, L and Cohen, M. [Eds.] Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings, Fifth Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Brody, F. (1999) ‘The Medium is the Memory’ in Lunenfeld, P. [Ed.] The Digital Dialectic: New Essays On New Media, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Donald, J. (1989) [Ed.] Fantasy in the Cinema, London: BFI.
Friedman, T. (1995) ‘Making Sense of Software: Computer Games and Interactive Textuality’ in Jones, S. [Ed.] Cybersociety, London: SAGE.
Haddon, L. (1999) ‘The Development of Interactive Games’ in Mackay, H. and O’Sullivan, T. [Eds.] The Media Reader: Continuity and Transformation, London: SAGE.
Hayward, P. and Wollen, T. (1993) [Eds.] Future Visions: New Technologies of the Screen, London: Pluto Press.
Heath, S. (1976) ‘Narrative Space’ in Screen, Vol.17: No.3 reproduced in Rosen [Ed.] (1986) Narrative, Apparatus, Ideology: a Film Theory Reader, Chichester: Colombia University Press.
Jenkins, H. (1999) ‘Complete Freedom of “Movement”: Video Games as Gendered Play Spaces’ in Cassel, J. [Ed.] From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and Computer Games, London: MIT Press.
Kaloski, A. (1997) Bisexuals Making Out with Cyborgs: Politics, Pleasure, Con/fusion’ in Journal of Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Identity, 2, 1:47-64.
Kuhn, A. [Ed.] (1999) Alien Zone II: The Spaces of Science Fiction Cinema, London: Verso.
Manovitch, L. (1999) What is Digital Cinema? in Lunenfeld, P. [Ed.] The Digital Dialectic: New Essays On New Media, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Manovitch, L. (1996) ‘Cinema and Digital Media’ published in Shaw, J. and Schwartz, H.P [Eds.] Perspectives of Media Art, Germany: Cantz Verlag Ostfildern
Metz, C. (1980) ‘The Fiction Film and Its Spectator: a Metapsychological Study’ in Hak Kyung Cha, T. [Ed.] Apparatus, New York: Tanam Press.
Metz, C. (1982) The Imaginary Signifier: Psychoanalysis and Cinema, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Metz. C. (1992) ‘Identification, Mirror’ in Mast, G., Cohen, M. and Braudy, L. [Eds.] Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings, Fourth Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pearsall, J. [Ed.] (1999) The Oxford Concise Dictionary: 10th Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Skirrow, G. (1986) ‘Hellivision: an Analysis of Video Games’ in McCabe, C. [Ed.] High Theory / Low Culture, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Stam, R., Burgoyne, R. and Flitterman-Lewis, S. [Ed.] (1992) New Vocabularies in Film Semiotics: Structuralism, Post-Structuralism and Beyond, London: Routledge.
Turkle, S. (1999) ‘Identity in the age of the Internet’ in Mackay, H. and O’Sullivan, T. [Eds.] The Media Reader: Continuity and Transformation, London: SAGE.
BBC (1999) ‘Business: The Company File Video Games Giants Declare War’, Mar 4.
<http://news2.thls.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/the_company_file/newsid_290000/290646.stm>
BBC (1999) ‘Christmas Video Games War’ from BBC News Online, Dec 20.
<http://news2.thls.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/newsid_564000/564980.stm>
BBC (1998) ‘Santa’s Sack of Software’ from BBC News Online, Dec 23.
Cameron, A. (1995) ‘Dissimulations: Illusions of Interactivity’ in Millennium Film Journal, No.28: Spring.
<http://www.sva.edu/MFJ/journalPages/MFJ28/Dissimulations.html> [15-4-00]
Herz, J.C. (1997) ‘Joystick Nation: How Computer Games Ate Our Quarters, Won Our Hearts and Rewired Our Minds’
<http://www.wheels.org/spacewar/joystick_nation.html> [15-4-00]
Manovitch, L. (2000) ‘Navigable Space’, Currently awaiting publication
<http://www.crac.org/htmls/levspace.html>
‘Miss Kriss’ (1998) ‘Lara Croft: Feminist Media Critique and Audience Response’, Tombraiders.com, Apr 8.
<http://www.dsuper.net/~misskris/croft.html>
Ndalianis, A. (2000) ‘The Frenzy of the Visible: Spectacle and Motion in the Era of Digital’ <http://www.innersense.com.au/senses/contents/3/matrix.html> [13-5-00]
Texter, W. (1996) ‘“I May be Synthetic, but I’m not Stupid”: Technicity, Artifice and Repetition in Cyberville’ <http://www.texter.com/Textual/thesis.html>
Thomas Jr., D.A. (1999) ‘I.C. 1971: Historical Benchmarks (1971)’
<http://icwhen.com/the70s/1971.html> [15-4-00]
Yushkevitch, P.A. (1996) '3D Engine Techniques'
<http://www.cs.unc.edu/~pauly/3dengine.html> [14-5-00]
Film References
Starship Troopers (1997) Dir: Paul Verhoeven
The Matrix (1999), Dir: Wachowski Bros.
Descent (1994) Parallax Software/Interplay
<http://www.interplay.com/descent/descent.html>
Doom (1993-6), id Software.
<http://www.idsoftware.com/archives/doomarc.html>
Duke Nukem 3D (1995), Epic Megagames.
<http://www.epicmegagames.com>
Forsaken (1998), Acclaim Entertainment.
<http://www.acclaim.com/games/forsaken/index.html>
Halflife Series (1999), Sierra Software.
<http://www.sierrastudios.com/games/half-life>
Homeworld (1999) Sierra, Inc.
<http://www.sierrastudios.com/games/homeworld>
Magic Carpets (1994) Bullfrog Software
Mortal Kombat Series (1996) Midway Games Inc.
Quake (1996) id Software.
Unreal Tournament (1999) Epic Megagames